The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Gerhard Ertl of Germany's Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces. The work is important for the chemical industry and can further understanding of such varied processes as why iron rusts, how fuel cells function and how the catalysts in our cars work.

  A human antibody administered in a single low dose in laboratory mouse models can repair myelin, the insulating covering of nerves that when damaged can lead to multiple sclerosis and other disorders of the central nervous system. The antibody, which was genetically engineered from a single cell, binds to myelin and the surface of cells in the brain and spinal cord, then it triggers the cells to begin the repair process called remyelination.

  A single solar cell produces a relatively low output -- it's a case of strength in numbers. Tiny strips of metal are used to link cells together. If the laser soldering temperature is too high, the solder joint may fracture. A new system provides automatic temperature regulation. Teamwork is what matters -- even in the case of solar cells: To obtain sufficient power to operate a pocket calculator, parking ticket dispenser or photovoltaic module, sunlight has to be captured simultaneously by an array of cells.

  Mr. Jones has chronic back pain. He cannot sleep, bend or stand for long periods of time because of the pain. He cannot lose weight because the pain keeps him from exercising. Jones is a case study in a publication by a University of Missouri-Columbia occupational therapy professor to show that chronic pain can be treated by more than just a pill.

  A group of scientists, led by mathematicians, has taken on the challenge of building a common model of immune responses. Their work will radically improve our understanding of the human immune system by allowing all the scientific disciplines working on it to have a common reference point and language.

  In a review of the scientific literature on the relationship between stress and disease, psychologists has found that stress is a contributing factor in human disease, and in particular depression, cardiovascular disease and HIV/AIDS.

  Why are so many Arabian camels dying? Analyses are being conducted to confirm or rule out the hypothesis of food intoxication in the countries concerned. Poisoning caused by the ingestion of toxic plants, mycotoxins (microscopic fungi), or mineral deficiencies has also been suggested. The deaths are probably due to a multitude of factors, which have a detrimental effect on the immune system, including some viruses which could increase the severity of infections or parasitic infestations in animals.

  A diet low in fat could reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in healthy postmenopausal women, according to new results from the Women's Health Initiative dietary modification trial. Researchers found that after four years, women who decreased the amount of dietary fat they consumed were 40 percent less likely to develop ovarian cancer than women who followed normal dietary patterns.

  For decades, apple and pear growers have "adorned"their orchards with hundreds of plastic dispensers that emit a chemical sex attractant, or pheromone, to disrupt codling moth mating. A new spraying method done four to six times a season disrupted codling moth mating as effectively as the time-consuming hand-hung dispensers.

  African-American men are more likely to have their prostate cancer return after treatment, but their disease is no more aggressive when it does recur than that of their white counterparts, according to a new study.

  Consuming large amounts of raw garlic may be good for your heart, but not necessarily your social life. So, how do we best enjoy these pungent little bulbs, without missing out on their impressive health benefits? Crush them. Then bake them slightly.

  A fascinating new study is the first outside of North America to observe lower testosterone levels among married men. Supporting a growing body of research, the study reveals that even married men who are considered aloof spouses and provide minimal parenting have much lower testosterone levels than single, unmarried men. Surprisingly, men with more than one wife have lower levels than monogamously married men.

  A low-fat vegetarian diet is very efficient in terms of how much land is needed to support it. But adding some dairy products and a limited amount of meat may actually increase this efficiency, new research suggests. This deduction stems from the findings of their new study, which concludes that if everyone in New York state followed a low-fat vegetarian diet, the state could directly support almost 50 percent more people, or about 32 percent of its population, agriculturally. With today's high-meat, high-dairy diet, the state is able to support directly only 22 percent of its population, say the researchers.

  The use of androgen deprivation therapy to treat localized prostate cancer is associated with an increased risk of death from heart disease, according to a new study. Androgen deprivation therapy is frequently used to treat high-risk localized prostate cancer.